ABSTRACT
A correlation between cancer and hypercoagulability has been described for more than a century. Patients with cancer are at increased risk for thrombotic complications and the clotting initiator protein, tissue factor (TF), is possibly involved in this process. Moreover, TF may promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. In addition to TF, thrombin seems to play a relevant role in tumor biology, mainly through activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). In the present study, we prospectively studied 39 lung adenocarcinoma patients in relation to the tumor expression levels of TF and PAR-1 and their correlation with thrombosis outcome and survival. Immunohistochemical analysis showed TF positivity in 22 patients (56 percent), most of them in advanced stages (III and IV). Expression of PAR-1 was found in 15 patients (39 percent), most of them also in advanced stages (III and IV). Remarkably, no correlation was observed between the expression of TF or PAR-1 and risk for thrombosis development. On the other hand, patients who were positive for TF or PAR-1 tended to have decreased long-term survival. We conclude that immunolocalization of either TF or PAR-1 in lung adenocarcinoma may predict a poor prognosis although lacking correlation with thrombosis outcome.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Receptor, PAR-1/metabolism , Thromboplastin/metabolism , Thrombosis/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasm Seeding , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Receptor, PAR-1/analysis , Thromboplastin/analysis , Thrombosis/metabolismABSTRACT
We report a case in which the interaction of heterozygosis for both the beta0-IVS-II-1 (G->A) mutation and the aaa anti-3.7 allele was the probable cause for the clinical occurrence of thalassemia intermedia. The propositus, a 6-year-old Caucasian Brazilian boy of Portuguese descent, showed a moderately severe chronic anemia in spite of having the beta-thalassemia trait. Investigation of the alpha-globin gene status revealed heterozygosis for alpha-gene triplication (aaa /aa). The patient's father, also presenting mild microcytic and hypochromic anemia, had the same alpha and beta genotypes as his son, while the mother, not related to the father and hematologically normal, was also a carrier of the aaa anti-3.7 allele. The present case emphasizes the need for considering the possibility of alpha-gene triplication in beta-thalassemia heterozygotes who display an unexpected severe phenotype. The beta-thalassemia mutation found here is being described for the first time in Brazil